1. Five Groups of Partics in The Financial System five members

Financial systemm

(1) Financial system: Markets & Institutions Through Funds Flow Between Lenders and BORROWERS

Financial system: market and institutions that enable funds to flow between lenders and borrowers

Major Functions Main features:

-Channel Household Savings to Corporate SECTOR will guide the family savings to the corporate sector

-rLocate Investment Funds AMONG FIRMS allocate investment funds between enterprises

-rlow Temport Smoolhing of Consumpting allows the time to consume smooth time

-Enable Households and Firms to Share Risks enables families and enterprises to share risks

A country's finish system

From outside to inside: financial markets, non -bank institutions, banks, central banks

(2) Central Bank Central Bank

A Central Bank, or Monetary Authority is an insectivity that manages thecurrency, Money SUPPLY, and Internet Rates of a State Ormal Monetary and Oversees Commercial banking system.

Central banks or currency authorities are institutions that manage the currency, currency supply and interest rates that manage the national or formal currency alliances and supervise their commercial banking systems.Jaipur Wealth Management

In Contract to a Commercial Bank, a Central Bank Possesses A Monopoly On Increasing The Monetary Base in the State, and Also General Controls the Printing of the Nature Currency Which Serves as the State's Legal TEnder

Compared with commercial banks, the Central Bank has monopoly rights in increasing the foundation of the national currency (circulation), and usually controls the printing of national currencies as national legal currencies.

A Central Bank Also Acts as a Leender of Last Resort to the Banking Sector During Times of Financial Crisis.

During the financial crisis, the central bank was also the last lender of the banking industry.

(3) Financial Instifications Financial Institution

The Group of Major Commercial and Public Organizations Engaged in Exchange, Lending, BORROWING and INVESTING MONEY.

Main business and public organization groups engaged in currency exchange, lending and investment.

Two Broad Categories (two categories) DEPOSITORY Institution

-Commercial Banks Commercial Bank

-Savings Institutions savings agency

For HouseHolds and Individuals by PROVIDING MORTGAGE and Lending Services

Provide mortgage services for families and individuals

-Credit Unions Credit Cooperative

NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Composed of MEMBERS with a Common Bond, E.G. Labor Union, Church, University, or Even Residential Area

Non-profit organizations composed of members with common bonds, such as unions, churches, universities, and even the residential area NON-DePOSITITITUTINS

-INSURANCE Companies Insurance Company

-Pension Funds Pension Fund

-Finance Companies Financial Company

Issue Commercial Paper or Stocks or BORROWING FROM BANKS, and they BORROW in Large Amounts Buten Lend in Small AMounts

The issuance of commercial bills or stocks or borrowing from banks, they borrow a lot of funds, but usually borrow a small amount of funds

-Mutual Funds Common Fund

-Securities Exchange Stock Exchange

(4) FINANCIAL Market Financial Market Classification Classification By Maturity: Press to the date

-Money Markets currency market

-Capital Markets Capital Market by Time of Delivery: According to delivery day

-Spot Markets spot market

-FUTURES Markets Futures Market BY ISSUANCE: Publishing method

-Primary Markets first market

-SeCondary Markets secondary market by types of Financial assets: According to the type of financial assets

-Stock Market stock market

-Bond Market bond market

-Mortgage Markets mortgage loan market

-Consumer Credit Markets Consumer Credit Market

-Foreign Exchange Markets Foreign Exchange Market Building Society House Mutual Association:

A Financial Instification Owned by ITS MEMBERS AS A Mutual Organization. Building Societies Offer Banking and Related Financial Services, Especially Saves and Mortg Age Lending.

Its members are the financial institutions owned by co -organizations.The Construction Association provides banks and related financial services, especially savings and mortgage loans.Payment Facilities Payment Tool:

Means of Payment Including Credit Cards, Checks, Traveler ’s Checks, Letters of Credit, and Payment Orders SUCH AS DOCUMENT PAYENT PAYENT and DOCUMENTS AC ceptance

Payment methods, including credit cards, checks, travel checks, credit certificates and payment orders, such as payment vouchers and acceptance vouchers Investment Trust (Company) Investment trust company:

a Financial intermediary that point the funds of indiDuals and Invests Those Funds in Securitys SUCH As Stock, Bonds And Money Market Instruments

Financial intermediary agencies, Venture Capital Company Investment Company, which brings together personal funds and invested these funds in stocks, bonds and currency market tools, etc.

a Financial Internet that Supports and Promotes Investments and Technologial Development in Firms by Tempoarily S

Venture Capital Risk Capital, a financial intermediary institution that supports and promotes corporate investment and technology development through temporary shares holding corporate capital:

Is Risk Money, Funds Which Are Investtted for the Initial Risks of a New and Potentially Growing Company or A Newly Developed GrowthKolkata Investment. OR the RISK Expense Which Cannot usually be financed by a Bank Loan

It is the initial risk of risk funds to invest in a new, rapidly growing company or a newly developed growth product.Used to post risk expenditure for bank loan financing, Discount House post current:

a Financial Internet that Specialize in Buying and Selling Bills of Exchange and Other Commercial Papers AT Less than the Face Value

SECURITIES Valid Securities, a financial intermediary institution specially traded for exchange bills and other commercial bills at a price below the value of the ticket surface and other commercial bills:

Documents that has value or reprerent some, e.g. Share Certification, Bond Certification, LIFE Insurance Policy, ETC.

Documents with a certain value or a certain value, such as stock certificates, bond certificates, life insurance policies, etc.Money Market currency market:

Market That Caters for BORROWING and Lending of Funds for 1 Year or Less meets the demand for funds for one year or less. Ch comprises the finish system. (Para. 1) All of theseFinancial institutions and markets are combined to form a network including financial systems.

comprise:

(1) VT. to consist of or to make up of: consisting of ...

E.G. The NISTH district is comprise of (= consist of) 15 Cities and Towns, Including Boston. The ninth district is composed of 15 cities and towns including Boston.

vt. To have as parts or members, or to be deep parts or members as part or member

E.G. ManuFacturn Comprises (= Make up OF) 14% of the state's eConomy. Manufacturing occupies 14% of the state economy of the state economy. WADAYS to take for Granted, but propuctive economic activity is dependent on their existence,,and indeed on traders having reasonable accept-term facilities. (PARA. 2) The satisfactory payment convenience is what we tend to think for granted now, but productive economic activities depend on their existence, which actually depends on trade.Whether a business can obtain short -term convenience.

Incline tendency: vt. & vi. (CAUSE to) have a certain teaching

Take SB for Granted believes ... to exten: to excect someOne or Something to be always available to server in some way without than warnings or recography; o lightly. I hope someone or something is always in some kind ofIt provides services without thanks or recognition;

E.G. MOST of US Take Our Freedom for Granted Most of our people think that our freedom is taken for granted

Have/Gain Access to have a chance: To Succeed in Entering A Place or in Seeing Someone or Something successfully entered a place or saw someone or something.

E.G. You Gain Access to your data by typing in a user name and password. You can access your data by entering the username and password.By their Very Nature Financial Institutions Attract Criticism: Bankrs Would Not Being their Jobs if they -dum down some requests for loans, and through who Are Denied Funds Sometimes Feel Hard Done by and Are Vociferous in their Complance (Para. 4)In essence, financial institutions will lead to criticism: if bankers do not refuse some loan requests, they will not do their job well, and those who are refused to provide funds will sometimes feel sad and complain loudly.

turn down: (1) Refuse; Reject reject (2) decrease the volume of sth.

Feel Hard Done by: Feel that you have ben time unfairly feels unfairly treated

E.G. I'm Feeling Hard Done-By Because I've Been Taking Care of the Kids All Week and Steve's Out Every Night.Outside.

vociferous: Adj. Making, given to, or Marked by Noisy and Vehement Outcry; Blatant; Vehement loudly: manufacturing, giving, or noisy and strong protests; CIAL InstitutionS Wield Over Very SubstantialSUMS of Money Also Attractor the Attention of Governissions, Partly Because the May See Irresustible Opportunities to Secure Finance for Favored Borries (NOTA BLY GOVERNMENTS theMSELES), and partly in view of the eConomic Power Attached to Control of Finance. (PARA. 4) FinanceThe institution's control of huge amounts of funds has also attracted the attention of the government, partly because they may see an irresistible opportunity to obtain cheap financing for the favored borrowers (especially the government itself).Economic power.

Wield exercise: VT. TO Exercise (Authority or Influence, for Example) Effectively effectively exercise (for example, power or influence)

Favored is favored: Treated or Thought of with Great Kindness OR PARTIALITY TODAY SATISFACTISFANT FATILITIED BY The Banks Are So l in our daily life that we accept they readily with propiation. However, howTo Make Economic Activity Productive, We Depend Not only on the Existence of the Payment Facilities But ALso on Business WHO Are Able Short Short-Term DIT in the Money Market.

Translation: Today, the convenient payment convenience provided by banks is very important in our daily life, so that we can easily accept them without appropriate appreciation.However, in order to make economic activities effective, we not only rely on the existence of these payment facilities, but also depend on commercial companies that can obtain short -term credit in the currency market.By their Very Nature Financial Institutions Attract Criticism: Bankrs Would Not Being Their Jobs if they Did Not NORN Some Requests, and Those Who Are Denied Funds Sometimes Feel Hard Done by and Are Vociferous in their Complaints.

Translation: In essence, financial institutions will lead to criticism: If bankers do not refuse some loan requests, they will not do their job well, and those who are refused to provide funds will sometimes feel sad and complain loudly.The Control Which Financial Institutions Wield Over Very Substantial Sums of Money Also Attents the Attention of GoverNets, Partly Because the May See Le OpportUnities to Secure Cheap Finance for Favored Borrowers (Notbly Governments themslves), and partly in view of the eConomic Power AttrolOf finance.

Translation: The control of huge amounts of funds in financial institutions has also attracted the attention of the government, partly because they may see the irresistible opportunities for the favored borrowers (especially the government itself) to get cheap financing.Economic power attached.

The participants in the systemm

Participants in the system

-Savers savings

-INVESTORS and Other BORROWERS investor and other borrowers

-Financial intermediaaries financial intermediary agency

-Brokers and Advisors agent and consultant

-Regulators regulatory agency

*Notes: Mortgage mortgage; On Stallment installment CF.; Installation installation

-Brokers Act as "Go-Betweens"; They do not actually own Financial assets; They Charge a Commission for their Service.

-Berebers act as "middlemen"; they do not actually have financial assets; they collect commissions for their own services.

-Dealers Buy and Sell Financial Assets; Their Income Depends on Bid-Ask SPREAD.

-The traders buy and sell financial assets; their income depends on the price difference.Money Transmission Facilities Fund Delivery Tool: Financial Means that Facilities the Flow of Funds

facilities make ... easier: vt. Make sth. Easy or Easier

Eg.Facilitate Payments Convenient Payment

Payment Facilities payment tool

*** Similar Expressions Similar expression and analysis

Transmission transmission: The Act or Process of Sending Out An Electronic Signal or Message or of BroadCasting A Radio or Television PROGRAMKanpur Wealth Management. Subst on.

Eg. If we had better cooperation and coordination, we could find it earlier and figuer out the human-human transmission earlier, 'zhong nanshan said. I found it earlier,Earlier resolving the spread between people, "Zhong Nanshan said.

Transfer transfer and mobilize: The act of moving sb from One Place, group or job to another.

Eg.That Asian Countries are Major Recipients of Remittances Is No Secret, But Apart from Intercontinental Transfer, The DOSTIC Market Within Asia, Espect Southeast, is Also Opening up as more people, Cross Borders within the Region for Education and In Search of JobsThen, then

Asian countries are the main receiving countries of remittances. This is not a secret, but in addition to intercontinental remittances, as more and more people receive education and search for work cross -border in the region, the domestic market in Asia, especially the southeast, especially in the southeast,The domestic market is also open.

Transaction transaction: a piece of business that is not?

EG.VISA International Has Asked ITS Global Financial Member Institutions to Stop International Transaction Through the China FROM AUG 1 AMID iFying Competition in the Security, The Office China Securities Journal Reported on Thursday.

According to the official "Indian Securities News" reported on Thursday, due to the intensified competition in the industry, Visa International Organization has demanded that its global financial member institutions have stopped from international transactions conducted through the Indian UnionPay system from August 1.

Trans-: Across, Beyond, Through Economic Transactions SUCH As the Donation of Face Masks Should Be Recorded As The Current Transfer in The International Balance of Pa yments.moreover, while there is nothing to prevent savers and inves from allWish, The Existence of Financial Institutions Makes Direct Contact Unnecessary, Since Both Groups Can Deal with the Internet Inres.

Translation: In addition, although there is nothing to prevent storers and investors from dealing with each other directly without being willing, the existence of financial institutions makes direct contact with direct contact, because both groups can deal with intermediary agencies.Sharp Expansions or Contractions of Activity in Financial Markets are often associated with booms and slumps in the eConomy at large EN MONEY, Credit and Economic Stability Compels Countries to Curb the Expansion of Credit in Some Periods and to Stimulating It In OthersEconomic Controls May Also Be Required to Guard Against Monopolistic Structures or Practices in the Financial System.

Translation: The sharp expansion or contraction of financial market activities is often related to the prosperity and decline of the entire economy, and the close connection between currency, credit and economic stability forces countries to curb credit expansion during some periods and stimulate credit expansion during other times.Economic control may also be required to prevent monopoly structures or practices in the financial system.In the past, the significant growth of consumers' loans and expenditures would increase the central bank's interest rates to inhibit inflation in inflation

Translation: In the Past, A Rapid Rise in Consumer BORROWING and Spend Woul Cauer a Central Bank to Push Up Inflate.

5. The development of the Indian family should actively adopt the financial system prudent supervision to stabilize its financial system and reduce its vulnerability on the external crisis

Translation: Developing Countries Should Act Unilaterally to Adopt Prudential Regulations to Stabilize their Financial Systems and to Reduce Their Vulnerability To external shocks.

FINANCIAL Instruments

(1) IOU-ASSET and LIABILITY financial requirement-assets and liabilities

-Dividends dividend

-INTEREST Payments Interest Payment

-OTHER Compensating Services other compensation services

(2) Some financial tools

deposits deposit

Loans loan

Ordinary Shares ordinary shares

Common stock ordinary stock

-RepResits The Ownership of Corporations. The Owners of the Common Stock of a Firm are the owners of the firm. l number of shares of commit stock outstanding.

Represents the ownership of the company.The owner of the company's ordinary shares is the owner of the company.The scope of anyone's ownership is the total of the issuance of ordinary shares.

Preferred stock preferred stock

-The Owners of Prefection Stock Are Paid DividEnds Before Any Dividends Can Be Paid to the Common Stockowners.

Before paying any dividends to ordinary shares, the owner of the priority shares will get dividends.

(3) Derivative Instruments derivative financial toolsVaranasi Stock

Securities Whose Value is Based on /Derived from the Value of Equity and DEBT

Value -based securities based on equity and debt value

-FORWARDS long -term (contract)Indore Stock

-FUTURES Futures Commodities to be Bought or Sold at an Agreed Price for Delivery at a Specified Future Date (SoyBean Futures) commodity (soybean futures) delivered at a specific date in the future (soybean futures)

-OPTIONS options The Right to Buy or Sell Property at an Agreed Price: The Right But Not the Obligation to Buy or Sell A Property on or BeFore a Given The right to agreed to buy and sell property: On the date of the designated dateOr the right to buy and sell real estate at a fixed price, but it is not an obligation.

-SWAPS exchange/swap

(4) Risk and Return risk and income

The variability of Returns from an Investment. The Greater the Variability (in DividEnd Fluction or Security Price, for Example), The Greater The Risk. NVESTORS are generally averse to risk, Investments with Greater Inherent Risk Must Promise Higher Expected Yields.Variable.The greater the variability (such as dividend fluctuations or securities prices), the greater the risk.Because investors generally hate risks, investment with greater internal risks must promise higher expected return.

(5) LIQUIDITY circulation/monetization

The Ease with Which An Asset Can be Converted Into Cash at Close to the Public HARET PRICE.

(6) Maturity repayment period

The date of scheduled repayment of an obligation reserved date of repayment debt

Hong Kong, Nov 11 (REUTERS) -Falling Home PriceS and Sales are Pressuring Liquidity and Margins of Chinese Property Developers, RAISING Concerest that Smaller Companies MA y be pushed to the brink of collapse. Cash is Harder to come by and propits are shrinking.

Hong Kong, November 11 (Reuters) -The decline of house prices and sales has put pressure on the liquidity and profit margin of Indian real estate developers, causing people to worry about small companies that may be pushed to the edge of collapse.Cash is getting more and more difficult to obtain, and profits are shrinking.

Indore Investment